Ion number density

Figure 3—2. Argon atoms and argon ions number densities as fimetions of electron temperature at atmospheric pressure. Two-temperature plasma ealeulations with temperature parameters 0 = Tg/Ta = 1,2, 3,6.

The existence of ions in flames has been known for many years, with Langmuir probes (JO and mass spectrometric sampling (2) used in a number of the early investigations. However, ion number densities were found to be much higher than could be explained by equilibrium thermal ionization at the temperatures occuring in flames. Calcote (3) first suggested the chemiionization mechanism... 

Table 7.1. Surface charge densities 5, surface potentials U, Debye lengths Xd and ion number densities poo- Only singly charged ions were considered...

Figures 2 and 3 show the distribution of normalized positive (K ) and negative (Cl ) ion number densities at steady state for surface charge of a = 10 and — 2 x 10 C/m, ...

The surface potential at the interfacial layer is controlled by the surface excess of ions, their charges and polariTation, packing density, and dipole moment or induced dipole moment it can be determined by special techniques, that is, the vibrating plate method, combined with a Kelvin probe. Experimental data together with the most suitable prediction models may include the ion concentration in the bulk or ionic strength, and, when dealing with a monolayer, the ion number density in the monolayer, the monolayer thickness, and ion diameter. 

Here C is a constant, V and p are the solar wind velocity and ion number density, respectively, is the... 

As discussed above, measurements with dried PEC with different alkali ions clearly showed that alkali ions govern the ionic transport in PSS-rich samples. Chloride ions might also be present in the PSS-rich complexes, but their concentration and their mobility will be much lower than the mobility of the smaller alkali ions. As a is always larger than zero in NaPSS-rich complexes, the Na" ion number density increases and/or the number of available pathways decreases with... 

A major difference between SIFT and FA is that the ion selection process results in an ion number density in the flow tube that is several orders of magnitude lower for SIFT than... 

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