Ion exchange in glasses

Walker RG, WiUdnson CDW (1983) Integrated optical ring resonators made by silver ion-exchange in glass. Appl Opt 22 1029-1035... 

Ion exchange in glass processes with the use of liquid source of admixture ions, among which the most widely used are nitrates, are carried out at temperatures much lower than transition temperature of glasses Tg. For example, for the borosihcate glass BK-7 (Schott), which is widely used in these processes, the temperature Tg = 557°C [40] is much higher than the temperature... 

Cullen T.J., Wilkinson C.D.W., Radiation losses from singlemode optical Y junctions formed by silver-ion exchange in glass, Opt. Tett. 10 (4), 134-136 (1984). 

Salmio R.P., Saarinen J., Turunen J., Tervonen A., Graded-index diffractive elements by thermal ion exchange in glass, App. Phys. Lett. 66 (8), 917-919 (1995). 

Houde-Walter S.N., Moore D.T., Gradient-index profile control by field-assisted ion exchange in glass, Appl. Opt., 24 (24), 4326-4333 (1985). 

Initial ion-exchange. Unaltered glass undergoes diffusion of water molecules from its surface to its matrix. Water reacts with terminal alkali (Aik) elements in a process of ion exchange (Charles 1958 Garland White 1985) ... 

Finally, our observations regarding the longterm impact of alkali ion exchange on glass dissolution now provide a mechanistic basis for the empirical residual rate of reaction appended to the TST rate law articulated by Grambow (1985). The residual rate was appended to prevent calculated glass dissolution rates from dropping to zero under silica-saturated conditions, which is not in accord with experimental observations. 

McGrail, B. P., Icenhower, J. P., et al. 2001ci. The structure of Na20-Al203-Si02 glass Impact of sodium ion exchange in H20 and D20. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 296, 10-26. 

D. Bohrer, P. Cicero do Nascimento, P. Martins, and R. Binotto, Availability of Aluminum from Glass on an A1 Form Ion Exchanger in the Presence of Complexing Agents and Amino Acids. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002,459, 267. 

In the two-component model of the ion exchange in the glass [33] there are two oppositely directed streams of ions stream of admixture ions and stream of modifier ions Og (Fig.2). The stream of admixture ions diffusing in the glass in the ion exchange process is the sum of the two components [33] (p.l74) ... 

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