Intrinsic/extrinsic process

A way to classify wastestreams is to consider them intrinsic, extrinsic, or somewhere in-between. Intrinsic wastes are inherent in the fundamental process configuration, whereas extrinsic ones are associated with the auxiliary aspects of the operation. 

Kaino has discussed the processes contributing to optical loss in polymer optical fibers. The intrinsic processes are absorption, due to electronic transitions and high harmonics of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) absorption, and various scattering processes. Extrinsic processes, those that can be controlled through fabrication and processing, are also twofold - absorptive and... 

Figure 10.37. Blood-Clotting Cascade. A fibrin clot is formed by the interplay of the intrinsic, extrinsic, and final common pathways. The intrinsic pathway begins with the activation of factor XII (Hageman factor) by contact with abnormal surfaces produced by injury. The extrinsic pathway is triggered by trauma, which activates factor VII and releases a lipoprotein, called tissue factor, from blood vessels. Inactive forms of clotting factors are shown in red their activated counterparts (indicated by the subscript "a") are in yellow. Stimulatory proteins that are not themselves enzymes are shovm in blue. A striking feature of this process is that the activated form of one clotting factor catalyzes the activation of the next factor.

Figure 8.30 Pathways of Staebler-Wronski effect for positively charged defects by hole trapping (a) intrinsic and (b) extrinsic processes (After Lucovsky and Yang, 1998).

A gradual decrease in efficiency and catastrophic failure represent two polar cases of instability commonly observed in OLEDs. Such classification is not particularly useful from a mechanistic point of view because it does not reflect the multitude of processes responsible for the instabilities of OLED devices. It also does not reflect the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic causes of instability. Here we define the intrinsic degradation processes as inherent and qualitatively unavoidable for a certain type of OLED device. By... 

Vaccaro, L., Cannas, M., Boizot, B., and Parlato, A., Radiation induced generation of non-bridging oxygen hole center in silica Intrinsic and extrinsic processes, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 586 (2007). 

Table 4.1 Advantages and disadvantages using intrinsic and extrinsic process with different base materials...

Hemostasis is the process that stops bleeding in a blood vessel. Normal hemostasis involves a complex process of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Figure 44-1 shows the coagulation pathway and factors involved. The copulation cascade is so named because as each factor is activated it acts as a catalyst that enhances the next reaction, with the net result being a large collection of fibrin that forms a plug in the vessel. Fibrin is the insoluble protein that is essential to clot formation. 

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