Intrapleural infusion

One of the rationales for the use of cytokine gene therapy in mesothelioma is that exogenous cytokines are known to have direct antiproliferative effects upon mesothelioma cells, as well as the ability to activate intrapleural and intratumoral immune effector cells in vivo. Several published Phase I and Phase II clinical trials have decumenfed mesothelioma tumor responses to intrapleural infusion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-P (IFN-P), and inteiferon-y (IFN-y) (70-76). In particular,... 

The anthracychnes are most commonly given intravenously, either as bolus doses or, less often, as infusions over varying lengths of time. Alternative routes have been tried, such as the intraperitoneal, intrapleural, and intravesical routes (93,94). 

Acute neuromuscular blockade and apnea have been attributed to the aminoglycosides patients with myasthenia gravis are particularly susceptible. In humans, neuromuscular blockade generally has occurred after intrapleural or intraperitoneal instillation of large doses of an aminoglycoside, but the reaction can follow intravenous, intramuscular, and even oral administration. Neuromuscular blockade may be reversed with calcium gluconate infusion. 

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