Intramyelinic edema

There have been several reports of acute encephalopathy (SEDA-18, 71) and occasional cases of akathisia, hyperkinesia, and dyskinesias. Toxicology studies in mice, rats, and dogs showed dose-related intramyelinic edema, with microvacuoles in the white matter of the brain, but there is no evidence that these have clinical relevance (SEDA-21, 77). 

Cohen JA, Fisher RS, BrigeU MG, Peyster RG, Sze G. The potential for vigabatrin-induced intramyelinic edema in humans. Epilepsia 2000 41(2) 148-57. 

Following skin absorption, hexachlorophene enters the nervous system and results in intramyelinic edema, splitting the intraperiod line of myelin in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. Experimental studies with erythrocyte membranes show that hexachlorophene binds tightly to cell membranes, resulting in osmotic swelling of erythrocyte membranes by altering their permeability to sodium and potassium. Hexachlorophene uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. 

Nervous system There was white matter vacuolation and intramyelinic edema in the brain of a child with quadriparetic cerebral palsy secondary to hypoxic brain injury following premature birth, who died 3 weeks after the start of a course of vigabatrin [421 ]. This increases concerns about the use of vigabatrin in individuals with preexisting abnormalities of myelin. 

Hawkes M, Kitai L Blaser S, Cohen E, Bitnun A, Fluss J, Tran D. Neuroimaging findings in isoniazid central nervous system toxicity, presumed intramyelinic edema. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2008 12(6) 512-5. 

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