Increased intracranial pressure

Increased intracranial pressure increased vagal tone from straining during defecation, vomiting, intubation, or mechanical ventilation sick sinus syndrome hypothyroidism and inferior-wall Ml. 

Osmotics Increasing urine flow, decreasing intracranial pressure 

Brain edema, often associated with increased intracranial pressure, may accompany the acute phase of metabolic decompensation in the aminoacidurias 671 

When a patient taking mannitol for increased intracranial pressure is being assessed, which of the following finding would be most important for the nurse to report  

If uncontrolled, hyponatremia may cause increased intracranial pressure, brain herniation and death 595 

Cbnvulsions, steroid-induced catatonia, increased intracranial pressure with papilledema (usually after treatment is discontinued), vertigo, headache, neuritis or paresthesia, steroid psychosis, insomnia 

Acute complications of stroke include cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and hemorrhagic conversion. In the acute setting, several supportive interventions and treatments to prevent acute complications should be initiated. 

Lyons MK, Meyer FB. Cerebrospinal fluid physiology and the management of increased intracranial pressure. Mayo Clinic Proc 1990 65(5) 684—707. 

The narcotic antitussives are used cautiously in patients with head injury and increased intracranial pressure, acute abdominal disorders, convulsive disorders, hepatic or renal impairment, prostatic hypertrophy, and asthma or other respiratory conditions. 

The combination of hypoxia and hypercapnia in pulmonary insufficiency results in cerebral vasodilation and increased CBF and may lead to increased intracranial pressure. Arteriovenous differences for oxygen across the brain generally decrease as a function of increased CBF, leaving CMR02 unchanged [6]. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects mydriasis (pupillary dilation), hallucinations, distorted perceptions, pulse rate increase, intracranial pressure increase. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO and HCl. 

Schwarz S, Schwab S, Bertram M, Aschoff A, Hacke W. Effects of hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch solution and mannitol in patients with increased intracranial pressure after stroke. Stroke 1998 29(8) 1550-1555. 

The answer is c (HardmanT pp 695-697.) Mannitol increases serum osmolarity and therefore pulls water out of cells, cerebrospinal fluid (C5F), and aqueous humor. This effect can be useful in the treatment of elevated intraocular or intracranial pressure. However, by expanding the intravascular volume, mannitol can exacerbate CHF 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A drug much used for motion sickness. Human systemic effects by ingestion arrhythmias, convulsions, distorted perceptions, hallucinations, intracranial pressure increase. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fiimes of NOx and Cl". See also AMINES. 

Ovarian hormones influence fluid intake by interaction with the brain renin-angiotensin system and it has been shown that gonadal steroids affect brain fluid-electrolyte balance by interactions with vasopressin. Both hyperos-molarity and increased intracranial pressure stimulate vasopressin release and intraperitoneal administration of vasopressin antagonists decrease brain volume. 

The energy substrates are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of the solution. Dextrose solutions are contraindicated in patients with diabetic coma with excessively high blood sugar. Concentrated dextrose solutions are contraindicated in patients with increased intracranial pressure, delirium tremens (if patient is dehydrated), hepatic coma, or glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome Alcohol dextrose solutions are contraindicated in patients with epilepsy, urinary tract infections, alcoholism, and diabetic coma 

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