Intraabdominal pressure

Second, reflux may occur after transient increases in intraabdominal pressure (stress reflux).3 An increase in intraabdominal pressure such as that occurring during straining, bending over, coughing, eating, or a Valsalva maneuver may overcome a weak lower esophageal sphincter, and thus may lead to reflux. 

In some cases, gastroesophageal reflux is associated with defective lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure or function. Patients may have decreased LES pressures related to spontaneous transient LES relaxations, transient increases in intraabdominal pressure, or an atonic LES. A variety of foods and medications may decrease LES pressure (Table 24-1). 

ACEIs Cough as a result of ACEI can aggravate SU1 by increasing intraabdominal pressure... 

Anticholinergic effects, a-antagonist effects Polyuria, frequency, urgency, sedation, delirium Cough as a result of ACEI can aggravate SUI by increasing intraabdominal pressure... 

Buhac, I., Flesh, L., Kishore, R. Intraabdominal pressure and ascitic fluid volume in decompensated liver cirrhosis. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1984 79 569-572... 

At autopsy, with all muscles relaxed and the intraabdominal pressure diminished, this condition may easily be overlooked, and only scattered reports of a few cases were therefore known in the literature of the pre-radiological era. The conventional technique of X-ray examination of the stomach with the patient in upright posture usually also fails to visualize these hernias. Examination in recumbent or even Trendelenburg position with application of manual pressure toward the upper abdomen is necessary to produce and demonstrate the condition under the fluoroscope. It is usual for these hernias to disappear as soon as the patient is brought back into upright posture or the increased abdominal pressure is released. 

The major pump of the lymphatic system is muscular activity, with the diaphragm acting as the primary engine. As the diaphragm descends into the abdominal cavity during inhalation, intraabdominal pressure is increased, thereby creating increased pressure on the vessels and other lymphatic tissue such as the nodes. The contents... 

In acontractile bladders (detrusor areflexia), no signs of radiologically detectable detrusor contractions can be found. The bladder neck is open during the entire filling phase in these cases. Sphincter-weakness incontinence is indicated by leakage around the catheter, usually during the rise in intraabdominal pressure or coughing. 

A rational approach to increase clearance in APD is tailored dwell and tidal volumes. Because intra-abdominal pressure is lower in the supine position (Lampton 1983), larger intraperitoneal volumes are possible during nocturnal APD. Increased dwell volumes, individualized to patient size and intraabdominal pressure, allows for better results in patients with low peritoneal permeability. Common dwell volumes in APD are 40 mL/kg (Ullrich 1992) or 2.5 L/1.73 m (Brandes 1994, Khanna et al. 1987). 

The recommended maximal intra-abdominal pressure is 18 cmHjO (Kessler 1994). Increased intraabdominal pressure can lead to reduced ultrafiltration which lowers the clearance (Allouache 1998). 

Some scientific reports note increased blood pressure and heart rate in some back belt users due to increased intraabdominal pressure. 

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