Interpenetrated structures metal-organic frameworks

Fig. 11 Crystal structure of a metal-organic framework material Zn2(fina)2(bipy) prepared by mechanochemical synthesis, with the structure determined directly from powder XRD data. The structure is viewed (a) along the c-axis and (b) along the b-axis. The two (identical) interpenetrated frameworks are indicated by yellow and purple shading. For comparison, (c) and (d) show the corresponding views of the stmcture of a DMF solvate material Zn2(fma)2(bipy)(DMF)o.5 prepared by a solvothermal route. Although there is some similarity between these structures, there are nevertheless important stmctural differences between them...

Song L, Du S-W, Lin J-D et al (2007) A 3d metal-organic framework with rare 3-fold interpenetrating dia-g nets based on silver(I) and novel tetradentate imidazolate ligand synthesis, structure, and possible ferroelectric property. Cryst Growth Des 7 2268-2271... 

Interpenetration is nowadays widespread across the structural landscape of coordination polymers (sometimes also called metal-organic frameworks ), and the phenomenon has been reviewed extensively before. ... 

A diamondoid architecture also results when Zn(CN)2- is reacted with Cu(I). The resulting anionic network might be viewed as tetrahedral zinc nodes linked to tetrahedral copper nodes by cyanide spacers, however the nature of coordination at the copper and zinc ions remains unclear. Analysis of the structural data indicated that it is most appropriate to consider the coordination of the copper as 100% organometallic (Cu-C) and the coordination of the zinc 100% metal-organic (Zn-N). The ionic nature of this particular framework means that the presence of a counterion in the resulting cavities is required. Indeed, N(CH3)4 fits comfortably inside the adamantoid cavity and precludes interpenetration. 

---