Interdigital glands

Lamps, L.W., Smoller, B.R., Goodwin, T.E. and Rasmussen, L.E.L. (2004) Hormone receptor expression in interdigital glands of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Zoo Biol. 23, 463-469. 

African alcelaphine bovids have interdigital glands only on their forefeet. So far chemical work has been done on the interdigital secretions of the bontebok, Damaliscus dorcas dorcas, and another subspecies, the blesbok, D. d. phillipsi, the gnu or black wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou, and the red hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus caama. 

Canids such as wolves or dogs who track their prey most likely eavesdrop on intraspecific signals, such as deposits from interdigital glands in cervids and hovids, or urine marks of rodents. 

Brundin, A., Andersson, G., Andersson, K., Mossing, T., and Kallquist, L. (1978). Short-chain aliphatic acids in the interdigital gland secretion of reindeer Rangifer taran-dus L.), and their discrimination by reindeer. Journal of Chemical Ecology 4, 613-622. 

Mainoya, J. R., 1978, Histological aspects of the preorbital and interdigital glands of the red duiker (Cephalophus natalensis), E.Afr. Wildl. J. 16 265-272. 

Brundin, a., and G. Andersson Seasonal Variation of Three Ketones in the Interdigital Gland Secretion of Reindeer Rangifer tarandus). J. Chem. Ecol. 5, 881-889... 

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