Instrumental Techniques for the Detection of PGMs

Detection techniques of high sensitivity, selectivity, and ease of coupling with sample preparation procedures are of special interest for measuring PGM content in biological and environmental samples. ICP MS, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS), adsorptive voltammetry (AV), and neutron activation analysis (NAA) have fotmd the widest applications, both for direct determination of the total metal content in the examined samples and for coupling with instrumental separation techniques. Mass spectrometry coupled with techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) (e.g., ESI MS , LC ESI MS , LC ICP MS, CE MS , and CE ICP MS) offer powerful potential for speciation analysis of metals. MS is widely used for examination of the distribution of the metals in various materials (elemental analysis) and for elucidation of the 

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is based on the production and detection of specific element radionuclides and is an attractive technique because of high sensitivity of detection and a practical lack of blanks [104]. Platinum, palladium. 

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