Inspiratory breathing exercises

In resume, inspiratory breathing exercises coupled with mobilization and body positioning are used to increase lung volumes and improve ventilation. They can promote relaxation and reduce anxiety. Expiratory breathing techniques with an open glottis (a huff) or with a closed glottis (a cough) are used to increase expiratory flow rates and, thus, enhance airway clearance. Forced expiratory maneuvers should be used with caution in patients with bronchospasm to avoid exacerbation of spasm, or cardiac dysfunction. 

Flook V and Kelman GR (1973). Submaximal exercise with increased inspiratory resistance to breathing. 

The rhythm of breathing is maintained by the respiratory centre in the brain stem. Regular impulses from the inspiratory area are sent to the muscles of inspiration causing them to contract. During exercise, the expiratory area of the respiratory centre is activated and sends impulses to the muscles of expiration. 

In earlier researches [8], it was suggested that normal ventilatory responses to CO2, exercise inputs, and mechanical loading could be predicted by the minimization of a controller objective function consisting of total chemical and mechanical cost of breathing. The optimal respiratory control model was later proposed and verified by optimizing a quadratic inspiratory neural drive [9]. The optimal instantaneous airflow and lung volume were derived based on a lumped-parameter RC model [10] for the relation between respiratory neural and mechanical outputs. 

Expiratory deposition is again eonsidered to be negligible in comparison with inspiratory deposition (163,184). Figure 9 shows deposition data predieted by the model for breathing eonditions during rest and exercise. The model assumes a eonstant respiratoiy flow rate Q, but takes into account that the colleetion efficieney decreases with inereasing tidal volume Ft. It shows that oral deposition is less dependent on flow rate than is nasal deposition, as Q is weighted by a power exponent of 0.6. Therefore, the aerodynamic particle diameter is the main... 

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