Insect and rodent pests

The primary use for methyl bromide is in the extermination of insect and rodent pests. Methyl bromide is used in space and stmctural fumigation except in California. The material is suitable for the fumigation of food commodities such as dried fmits, grain, flour, and nuts, and the faciHties in which these foods are processed or stored, as weU as for tobacco and many kinds of nursery stock. The usual dosage is 2—4 kg/28 m for 12—24 h. In soil fumigation methyl bromide controls weed seeds, nematodes, wireworms, and soil fungi. The usual dosage is 0.5—1 kg/9 m for 24 h at 16°C and above (82). 

It is also important that the area where finished excipient is stored be under an insect and rodent control program. Typically, the site contracts with an exterminator to perform monthly inspections for evidence of insect or rodent activity. The exterminator should only use Food Drug and Administration approved materials in controlling these pests. The exterminator should tour the site following a proscribed path usually defined on a site map. The exterminator should provide a report of his/ her findings to the site. This report can be in the form of a notation on the paperwork left with the facility host by the exterminator as a record of their visit. 

The manufacture of premixes for medicated feedingstuffs requires the use of large quantities of vegetable matter which is likely to attract insects and rodents. Premises should be designed, equipped and operated to minimise this risk and should also be subject to a regular pest control programme. 

Pesticides are chemical compounds used to control or destroy pests such as weeds, insects, and rodents Oust to name a few).There are two types of pesticide organic (compounds that are predominantly composed of carbon) and inorganic (compounds with some metal involved). Whereas inorganic pesticides are the oldest known, these days the majority of pesticides are organic and are used on a large scale. 

Pesticides are chemical or biological substances intended to control weeds, insects, fungi, rodents, bacteria, and other pests. They protect food crops and livestock, control household pests, promote agricultural productivity, and protect public health. The importance of pesticides to modern society can be summarized by a statement made by Norman E. Borlaug, the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize winner Let s get our priorities in perspective. We must feed ourselves and protect ourselves against the health hazards of the world. To do that, we must have agricultural chemicals. Without them, the world population will starve [1]. 

Pesticide is used to control pests of different kinds, such as target insects, vegetation, and fungi. Pesticides are known poisons used specifically for the control of crop pests and rodents. Some are very poisonous, or toxic, and may seriously injure or even kill humans. Others are relatively nontoxic. Pesticides can irritate the skin, eyes, nose, or mouth. The health effects of pesticides depend on the type of pesticide. The organophosphate and carbamate pesticides affect the nervous system. Others cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Several pesticides are carcinogens and some others cause disturbances to the hormone or endocrine system in the body. 

Throughout history, various types of pests, such as insects, weeds, bacteria, rodents, and other biological organisms, have bothered humans or threatened human health. People have been nsing pesticides for thousands of years to try to control these pests. The Snmerians used sulfur to control insects and mites 5,000 years ago. The Chinese used mercury and arsenic compotmds to control body lice and other pests. The Greeks and Romans used oil, ash, sulfur, and other materials to protect themselves, their hvestock, and their crops from various pests. And people in various cultures have used smoke, salt, spices, and insect-repelling plants to preserve food and keep pests away. 

Food packaging is the last line of defense available for producers against insect and/or rodent infestation of finished food products. Damage due to pests is equally important in stored raw materials and in semi-processed and final food products. Repelling activity of food packaging due to incorporation of microencapsulated active compounds has been more widely discussed in context of insects than rodents, nevertheless we also mention the second application here. 

Pesticides is a term used in a broad sense for chemicals, synthetic or natural, which are used for the control of insects, fungi, bacteria, weeds, nematodes, rodents, and other pests (7,2). The use of pesticides must be regulated in such a manner that... 

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