Inner diameter

Annulus, inner diameter Di outer diameter Do (Lamb, op. cit., p. 587)  

The outer diameter of the shell is approximately 180 A and the inner diameter about 125 A except around the threefold axes, where the N-ter-minal a helices project about 20 A into the core. The RNA molecule that is present in the core is not visible in the electron density map. 

Sample Specifications 4 in. (10 cm) inner diameter, schedule-40 carbon steel pipe 

Sampie Specifications % in. (1.39 cm) inner diameter, free-machining carbon steel 

BFW = boiling water, CW = cooling water, and ID = inner diameter. 

Fig. 10. Expansion curve for FCC catalyst in a 0.15-m inner diameter column showing the fluidization regimes where the numbers on the lines correspond

A = Surface area ft based on tube ID C = Gas specific heat. Btu/lb°F d = Tube inner diameter, in. k = Gas thermal conductivity, Btu/ft-h°F L = Tube length, ft N = Total number of tubes in boiler Pr = Gas Prandtl number Q = Duty of the boiler. Btu/h 

Table 2. Structural parameters, cohesive energies per atom, and spring constant for helices C4(,0 and C,4(, here / and r, are outer and inner diameter of a helix, respeetively

The minimum velocity requited to maintain fully developed turbulent flow, assumed to occur at Reynolds number (R ) of 8000, is inside a 16-mm inner diameter tube. The physical property contribution to the heat-transfer coefficient inside and outside the tubes are based on the following correlations (39)  

Zone 3 The area of coverage interacting with the slot is approximatively constant. The impedance change is constant. This situation is true over the probe inner diameter, that is to say when the other inner coil reaches the edge of the slot. The range of the zone is [x2 x3] 

A plastic film, 0.1 mm thick, is required to have its orientation in the transverse direction twice that in the machine direction. If the film blowing die has an outer diameter of 100 mm and an inner diameter of 98 mm estimate the blow-up ratio which will be required and the lay flat film width. Neglect extrusion induced effects and assume there is no draw-down. 

Fig. 1 The view of the polar display with monitors arcs and control panel for SFT6000N board parameters. Recorded signal is from the eddy current probe moved along in a brass tube of inner diameter 20 mm with 2 mm holes as artificial flaws. SFT6000N card operates with 40 kHz injection voltage firequency.

Aromatic polyamide (aramid) membranes are a copolymer of 1-3 diaminobenzene with 1-3 and 1-4 benzenedicarboxylic acid chlorides. They are usually made into fine hollow fibers, 93 [Lm outer diameter by 43 [Lm inner diameter. Some flat sheet is made for spirals. These membranes are widely used for seawater desalination and to some extent for other process applications. The hollow fibers are capable of veiy high-pressure operation and have considerably greater hydrolytic resistance than does CA. Their packing density in hoUow-fiber form makes them veiy susceptible to colloidal fouling (a permeator 8 inches in diameter contains 3 M fibers), and they have essentially no resistance to chlorine. 

Capillary Tubes Figure 12.42 shows a cross section of a typical capillary tube. Most capillary tubes are made from fused silica coated with a 20-35-)J,m layer of poly-imide to give it mechanical strength. The inner diameter is typically 25-75 )J,m, which is smaller than that for a capillary GC column, with an outer diameter of 200-375 )J,m. 

Figure 4 is a schematic of a typical hemodialyzer. Although other geometries are stiH employed, the preferred format is a hoUow fiber hemodialyzer about 25 cm in length and 5 cm in diameter. Devices typically contain 6,000 to 10,000 capillaries, each with an inner diameter of 200 p.m and a wall thickness of around 10 p.m. Mean total membrane surface area is 1.1 0.4. Well over 60 million hemodialyzers were produced in 1992. Because of 

Noncircular Channels Calciilation of fric tional pressure drop in noncircular channels depends on whether the flow is laminar or tumu-lent, and on whether the channel is full or open. For turbulent flow in ducts running full, the hydraulic diameter shoiild be substituted for D in the friction factor and Reynolds number definitions, Eqs. (6-32) and (6-33). The hydraiilic diameter is defined as four times the channel cross-sectional area divided by the wetted perimeter. For example, the hydraiilic diameter for a circiilar pipe is = D, for an annulus of inner diameter d and outer diameter D, = D — d, for a rectangiilar duct of sides 7, h, Dij = ah/[2(a + h)].T ie hydraulic radius Rii is defined as one-fourth of the hydraiilic diameter. 

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