Initial public offering

Initial Public Offering Perspective, The Oxford Energy Co., New York, Aug. 19, 1986. 

In the winter of 2002, Merck implicitly confessed that Medco had turned into a liability by announcing that it would spin off the PBM in stages within the year, starting with an initial public offering (IPO) in the summer. 

Bad as that was, it was nothing compared to the morale the week after July 4, 2002, after The Wall Street Journal reported that Merck had booked 12.4 billion in revenue from its Medco subsidiary over the prior three years that it hadn t actually received. Coming on top of months of corporate scandals, the news sent Merck stock—as well as the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the Standard Poor s 500 stock index, and even the Nikkei Stock Average in Japan—plunging. Merck shares toyed with a five-year low, and the initial public offering of Medco was postponed, then withdrawn. 

An initial public offering in 1986 generated the funds to construct a manufacturing plant. That year. Genetics Institute announced the development of Interleukin-3, a drug to speed up blood-cell production in patients undergoing cancer treatments. Meanwhile, its first product, BPO, provoked a patent suit from Amgen, the GM-CSF product prompted a suit from... 

IPO —initial public offering NLM —National Library of Medicine (NIH)... 

Long before a start-up can bring a compound before a regulatory agency, it must discover the substance and its properties, which calls for millions of dollars in annual research investment. These funds come initially fi-om venture capitalists and later from initial public offerings of stock. But they represent one-time infusions of cash rather than continuing income... 

This table was kindly provided by W.G. Richards. IPO, Initial Public Offering. 

Investment in nanotechnology can gain much from venture capitalists (VCs). Venture capital is money that is invested in unproven companies with the potential to grow into multi billion-dollar industries of the future. VCs are sources of financial and business resources that seek to control part of the business. VCs expect to capture 50%-70% of return on their investments in a 4- to 7-year time period, which is the time it takes to get the start-up company to reach liquidity in terms of acquisition, merger, or initial public offering. Nanotechnology start-ups are not attractive to VCs at the present time, because the commercialization horizon is far too long, but they could be particularly attractive to VCs when they have ... 

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