Influence of the heating rate

The influence of the heating rate of reduction after calcination and of direct reduction on the metallic area and dispersion of the Ni/A Os catalyst is illustrated in Table 13.7. 

As seen, heating rates do not affect the dispersion or metallic area of the calcined sample, but influence these variables on catalysts after direct reduction, evidencing higher dispersion with lower heating rates. 

Heating rates do not affect the metallic area after calcination, but significantly after direct reduction at 550 °C. 

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Rate equations predict the influence of the heating rate on amplitude as well as on the position of the peak when the heating rate increases, the initial polarization has to be released in a shorter time. As a result, the peak increases and shifts to a higher temperature. In fact, both peaks, Mj and M2, change with heating rate in a similar manner, but only the first has its temperature location (T ) dependent on the values of El and 7/Vv at the given heating rate. 

The properties of the products depend on the speed at which the reaction mixture was heated. Rapid heating favors the formation of telomers and homopolymerization of ethylene. The relationship of chlorine content to density, softening point, and molecular weight of the products is shown in Figure 1 the influence of the heating rate is shown in Figure 2. 

FIGURE 18.7 Influence of the heating rate during the cross-linking of [(H2C=CH)SiH-NH] and B(C2H4Si(CH3)H2)3 on the homogeneity of the resulting polymer. ... 

Fig. 3 TG of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. Influence of the heating rate. TG curves from the top 20Kmin 10 K min 5Kmin 2.5Kmin ...

Fig. 9 Quality control of excipients by using the glass transition. Example of Carbopol 974 P. Second DSC run in order to eliminate water and relaxation Influence of the heating rate.

It has been also considered interesting to study the influence of the heating rate on product distribution far, gases and char. Results are presented in Fig. 10. A small influence of the heating rate on the pyrolysis products yields was observed. 

Influence of the heating rate on the char specific surface area... 

The plot of heat flow versus temperature of the oxidation experiments shows an induction period, which lasts up to approximately 200 °C, followed by three or four distinct peaks. Above a temperature of 500 to 550 °C the oxidation process is complete. Fig. 4-77 shows a diagram of the recorder graph of the DSC oxidation test of the distillation bitumen B65 (sample 9) in 7 bar air at a heating rate P= 20 K/min. The influence of the heating rate... 

Figures 2.7 and 2.8 show the influence of the heating rate on the vitrification-devitrification behaviour of the anhydride and amine-cured epoxies, respectively. For the epoxy-anhydride system, no vitrification is observed...

Moura Ramos J, Correia Nl, Taveira-Marques R, Collins G (2002) The activation eneigy at Tg and the fragility index of indomethacin, predicted from the influence of the heating rate on the temperature position and on the intensity of thermally stimulated depolarization current peak. Pharm Res 19 1879-1884... 

Let us concentrate first on the PS-PVME blends which contain polymers of moderate M (say, less than 100,000) and consider-, the influence of the heating rate (in the range 0.2-16 C.min ) on the... 

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