Inflection tangents

B Peak width on the baseline as determined by the inflectional tangents H Peak height... 

The procedure of triangulation is subject to the same limitations as those already described. It has an additional drawback in that inflectional tangents have to be drawn. Small errors in the positioning of these inflectional tangents significantly affect the peak height measurement therefore, this procedure is not recommended. 

Figrue 3.22 illustrates the Fowler isotherm. For x = 0, we obtain the Langmuir isotherm (Eq. 3.48). For = 1, there is an inflection located at the origin, hence the isotherm appears to be linear in an rmusually wide concentration range (Figure 3.22a). For x between 1 and 4, the isotherm has an inflection point at a finite concentration. The inflection tangent becomes vertical for X for higher... 

Bandwidth The width of a concentration profile at a certain fraction of its height (e.g., its half-height) or length of the base-line between the intersection with the front and rear inflection tangents. 

But then in some finite shear rate windows the flow curves can be approximated by the corresponding inflection tangents. The slopes p of the inflection tangents can be interpreted as exponents occurring in some pseudo power laws ... 

Fig. 19 Reduced flow curves for a core-shell dispersion at an effective volume fraction of ij>eff = 0.580 data from [33], analysis from [86]. Here Rg denotes the hydrodynamic radius and Dq the self diffusion coefficient of the colloidal particles IcgT is the themial energy. The solid line (red) shows the result for the fitted fi -model with = 2.0. The fitted parameters are e = -0.00042, 7c = 0.14, V(j = VOfcaT/Rg, F = 8()/J,-,/A j, and = (),394A [i7 The dashed line shows the corresponding result for the A-formula. The dotted line shows the inflection tangent of the numerically determined flow curve with a slope of p = 0.12. The inset shows the corresponding results for the viscosity...

The peaks are not completely separated with a resolution of 1, but two peaks can be seen. The inflection tangents touch each other at the baseline. For... 

Inflection point tangents are drawn to each side of the Gaussian curve this generally causes few problems. However, the recorder line width must be considered and this is best done by adding it to the signal width on one side but not the other (Fig. 2.10). The base width is the distance along the baseline between the two inflection tangents. 

In order to determine N it is merely necessary to measure the total uncorrected retention time tf s of Iho peak and its base width, both, of course, in the same unit of measurement. Since it is frequently not possible to determine the precise position of the inflectional tangents which delimit Wg on the base line, the relationship between Wq.5 and W5 is often used and N is calculated thus ... 

To evaluate the thermal stability of the blends, the characteristics of the first degradation step were determined from the TGA and DTG curves the onset temperature, Ti(o) (the intersection of the extrapolated baseline with the inflection tangent) the temperature at the maximum rate of PVC degradation, Tifm) the degree of conversion at the corresponding maximum rate, ai(m) and the mass loss at the end of the first degradation step, Am-i. 

From Helfand s theory, it follows that the free energy of a system will be less with a diffuse interface. As a measure of the interphase thickness, the theory assumes the segment between the points of intersection of the inflectional tangent to the density gradient curve with density levels pi and p2 ... 

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