Infinity value, unknown

The chemical potential, plays a vital role in both phase and chemical reaction equiUbria. However, the chemical potential exhibits certain unfortunate characteristics which discourage its use in the solution of practical problems. The Gibbs energy, and hence is defined in relation to the internal energy and entropy, both primitive quantities for which absolute values are unknown. Moreover, p approaches negative infinity when either P or x approaches 2ero. While these characteristics do not preclude the use of chemical potentials, the appHcation of equiUbrium criteria is faciUtated by the introduction of a new quantity to take the place of p but which does not exhibit its less desirable characteristics. 

In order to determine the unknown velocities after collision uniquely, two more relationships for impact velocities need to be specified. For certain values of the coefficient of friction and the coefficient of restitution, simple expressions of impact velocities can be obtained. In a collision of two completely rough and inelastic spheres, where the coefficient of friction / reaches infinity and the coefficient of restitution e is equal to zero, the relative velocities must vanish. Therefore, we have... 

If an experiment, in which the event denoted by E (e.g. the failure on demand of an electric shunt) can occur, is carried out n times with n tending towards infinity, the observed relative frequency for the occurrence of the event ns/n tends towards the unknown constant value u. This value is called probability of E (cf. Appendix C). 

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