Infiltration and outflow rates

Aldiough direct measurements of variables characterizing (he individual flow and chemical transport processes under field condidons are not technically feasible, their cumulative effect can be characterized by the phase-space analysis of time-series data for the infiltration and outflow rates, capillary pressure, and dripping-water frequency. The tune-series of low-frequency fluctuadons (assumed to represent intrafracture flow) are described by three-dimensional attractors similar to those fi m die sohidon of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equadon. These attractoia demonstrate die stretching and folding of fluid elements, followed by diffusion. 

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