Industrial exposure single chemical toxicities

Izmerov NF, Sanotsky IV, Sidorov KK. 1977. Toxicometric parameters of industrial toxic chemicals under single exposure. Moscow, USSR Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 72. 

Ingestion Toxicity Data are available for the acute (single-dose) ingestion/oral toxicity of many toxic materials (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, 1983 Lewis, Sax s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed., 1996). However, very few data are available for prolonged ingestion or periodic doses of toxic materials. It is likely that metabolic processes would operate to increase the total burden required for toxic effects for such chronic exposures, except for some materials (such as mercury and lead) which apparently can accumulate in the body. 

Izmerov, N.K Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure 1982, 53 see ref 8. 

Phototoxicity or chemical phototoxicity is the term used for an acute reaction that can be induced by a single treatment with a chemical and UV or visible radiation. The basic mechanism of phototoxicity can be described as an increase in toxicity of a chemical induced by exposure to UV or visible radiation. Therefore the phototoxic potential of a chemical can be measured as an increase in cytotoxicity after exposure to UV or visible light. The 3T3 NRU PT test is a validated and robust in vitro phototoxicity test according to the criteria laid down by the ECVAM Workshop on practical aspects of the validation of toxicity test procedures and the conclusion of the ECVAM/COLIPA validation study [72], Owing to the convincing performance of the 3T3 NRU PT test, the test is now established and in use in industry laboratories to screen... 

Izmerov, N.F., Sanotsky, I.V., Sidorov, K.K. (1982) Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals under Single Exposure. United Nations Environment Programme, Paris. 

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