Inductive Effects and Relative Acidities

Electron-Withdrawing Groups Electron-Donating Groups 

In Section 2.4, the concept of relative acidities was presented without fully defining the concept of inductive effects. In Section 2.5, the concept of inductive effects was defined and linked to functional groups. In this section, the concept of relative acidities is presented in conjunction with discussions of associated functional groups and their respective inductive effects. Since a treatment of this subject was already introduced in Section 2.4 as applied to carboxylic acids and esters, this section focuses on 

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