Independent Stage

In the light-independent stage carbohydrate is synthesized from ... 

Chemical conversions as an independent stage of pre-chromatographic analysis are more universal and the number of reactions that can be used is much larger use can also be made of relatively slow reactions in addition to reactions with labile or involatile reagents that cannot be analysed directly by GC. 

Multilevel methods, where protein flexibility is accounted for at least in two independent stages of the docking protocol. This is the case of the relaxed complex scheme (RCS) [52, 53], in which an ensemble of unbound target structures is generated by MD and then used to dock a small chemical library... 

Oxygen molecules are the other major by-product of the light-independent stage of photosynthesis. Plants provide the oxygen needed for animal respiration on Earth (see chapter 5). 

After each of these three independent stages the GTE value of the later Zerodur item has to be measured and the results have to be used as feedback to supervise the process. The GTE measurement therefore has to be taken rapidly (as results must be available within hours), so it must be easy to perform and exact to a maximum level of accuracy. 

Because phytase, an inexpensive acid phosphatase, is only active at lotv pH but virtually inactive at pH 7.5 in tvhich aldolases have their catalytic optimum, this enables the independent staging of a one-pot synthetic cascade betvireen (1) transphosphorylation, (2) aldolization, and (3) product dephosphorylation simply by stvitching the pH [178]. 

Schroeder, T. J., Borges, R., Finnegan, J. M. et al. 1996. Temporally resolved, independent stages of individual exocytotic secretion events. Biophys. J. 70 1061-1068. 

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