Incubation of the Gelation System in a Frozen State

The concentration of solutes or dispersed colloid-size particles is increased because of their expulsion into the volume of UFLMP as the solvent is crystallized. This cryo-concentration effect is one of the major factors responsible for the increase in the rate of the chemical reactions and intensification of intermolecular interactions inside the unfrozen inclusions, which act as microreactors. Provided the reactants are easily soluble compounds and are completely concentrated within the UFLMP, the concentrating extent at a certain negative temperature T can be estimated using the following formula [54]  

Most of these features of cryochemical reactions are also of great significance for cryotropic gelation processes [8]. Moreover, if the system contains polymeric solutes, the stiU-liquid fraction can exist even at rather low temperatures and such 

---