Incorporation of Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Complexes

Porphins with substituent groups on the macrocycle are named as derivatives of porphyrin. Because the properties of the substituents differ, the corresponding porphyrin molecules have different properties. Although, in most cases, the coordination mode of a porphyrin is the formation of a coordination plane by the 4 N atoms with the metal center, a porphyrin may also chelate a metal ion in a bidentate, tridentate, or a nonplanar tetradentate mode. In these coordination modes, the metal ion is located outside the plane. 

The macrocycle phthalocyanine contains 8 N atoms, but usually only the four N-atoms on the inner side of the cycle are able to coordinate. In fact, in most cases the synthesis of phthalocyanine is realized in the presence of a metal ion as the template. It is also possible to attach various substituents on the phthalocyanine macrocycle. As for porphyrin, when coordinating to a metal ion, the H-atoms of the two NH groups on the inner side of the phthalocyanine cycle are replaced. The incorporation of metal porphyrin and phthalocyanine complexes into porous crystals has been gaining increasing interest. The properties of the complexes located in zeolite channels or cages are usually different from those of the compounds in solution, and they may find applications in areas such as catalysis, photochemistry, electrochemistry, and biomimetics. 

Nakamura et al. successfully synthesized tetramethylporphyrin (TMP) complexes of iron and manganese in NaY zeolite.[161] They investigated the catalytic properties of the composite for oxidation of cyclohexane in the presence of H2O2. The results indicate that the catalytic activity of [Fe(TMP)]-Y and [Mn(TMP)]-Y is enhanced in comparison with the corresponding Fe and Mnn exchanged Y zeolite, and the catalytic product consists 

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