Incompressible flow in pipes and channels

The universal turbulent velocity profile near the pipe wall presented in the preceding subsection Incompressible Flow in Pipes and Channels may be developed using the Prandd mixing length approximation for the eddy viscosity,... 

Other Flow Straightening Devices Other devices designed to produce uniform velocity or reduce swirl, sometimes with reduced pressure drop, are available. These include both commercial devices of proprietary design and devices discussed in the literature. For pipeline flows, see me references under flow inverters and static mixing elements previously discussed in the Incompressible Flow in Pipes and Channels subsection. For large area changes, as at the... 

For nonisothermal flow of liquids across tnbe bundles, the friction factor is increased if the liquid is being cooled and decreased if the liquid is being heated. The factors previonsly given for nonisothermal flow of liqnids in pipes ( Incompressible Flow in Pipes and Channels ) shonld be used. 

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