Incarceration, alternatives

A number of alternatives to incarceration have emerged, however. Diver-... 

Alternative cocatalysts, such as [Fe(pc)]20 (pc = phthalocyanine) and AIBN, have also been reported for catalytic aerobic DDQ oxidation reactions, though these have seen less widespread application than NO [28]. Aerobic quinone-catalyzed dehydrogenation reactions using less oxidizing quinones, such as chloranil, have been reported using polymer-incarcerated noble metal catalysts reported by Kobayashi and colleagues [29, 30]. 

This agency is part of the Department of Justice. It received over 38 miUion in 2004, over 64 million in 2005, and requested over 114 milUon in 2006 to fund two programs—Drug Courts and Residential Substance Abuse Treatment. Drug Courts, which coordinate treatment services for nonviolent offenders with drug problems as an alternative to incarceration, have been described in other chapters. 

This act established treatment for narcotic addiction as an alternative to incarceration. 

Gottschalk, Marie. Money and Mass Incarceration The Bad, the Mad, and Penal Reform. Criminology and Public Policy 8, no. 1 (April, 2009) 97-109. Evaluates a number of proposed sentencing policies and alternatives to incarceration. 

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