In paraelements

If first-order derivative paraelements are themselves used as ligands this system of nomenclature leads to second-order derivative paraelements, e.g., using CF3S. This procedure can be continued in many cases with meaningful results. 

All classical pseudohalogens can be deduced in this way. A base element and paraelement have the same number of valence electrons. This means that covalent electron pairs held in common by base atom and ligand are assigned to the base atom, which becomes electronically isovalent with the reference element. 

Elements of the third to fifth periods are also able to expand their octet shells. New paraelements result in this way which have not so far been mentioned, e.g.,... 

Babaev s periodic system appears capable ofreproducing Morozov s (1907) system when only the hydrocarbons, and their derivatives, in each compartment are shown (Babaev and Hefferlin 1996). Parenthetically, it is of human interest that Morozov created his classification while in the Schlisselburg island prison due to his political activities, just as Kong did his creative work while in house arrest. Babaev s system yields Haas s system when the odd-numbered valences are included and only paraelements are displayed. 

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