Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators techniques

When necessary, we also comment on the role of other non-invasive electrocardiographic techniques, especially exercise ECG and ffolter monitoring. Just a few remarks are given on other non-invasive electrocardiological techniques. The invasive electrophysiological techniques are usually not useful for risk stratification but are necessary in case of resynchronisation and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation or ablation procedures. 

Anvari A, Stix G, Grabenwoger M, et al. Comparison of three cardioverter defibrillator implantation techniques initial results with transvenous pectoral implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. Jul 1996 19(7) 1061-1069. 

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