Immunocytochemical

Phalloidin and phallacidin are cyclic peptides from the mushroom Amanita phalloides that stabilize F-actin. Phalloidin binds to residues 114-118 of an actin protomere and blocks nucleotide exchange without interfering with nucleotide hydrolysis. It enhances the rate of nucleation as well as that of elongation. It slowly penetrates the cell membrane and is used for immunocytochemical localization of F-actin. 

Figure 18. (a) Immunocytochemical labeling of B-lymphocytes in muscle from a patient with juvenile dermatomyositis. (b) Immunocytochemical labeling of T8 lymphocytes showing that the infiltrate contains very few cells of this type (serial section). 

Figure 20. Immunocytochemical labeling of T8 lymphocytes showing some cells in close contact with muscle fiber plasma membranes (arrowheads).

Glass JD, Fedor H, Wesselingh SL, McArthur JC (1995) Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain correlations with dementia. Ann Neurol 38(5) 755-762... 

Brengel-Pesce K, Innocenti-Francillard P, Morand P, Chanzy B, Seigneurin JM (1997) Transient infection of astrocytes with HIV-1 primary isolates derived from patients with and without AIDS dementia complex. J Neurovirol 3 449-454 Budka H, Costanzi G, Cristina S, Lechi A, Parravicini C, Trabattoni R, Vago L (1987) Brain pathology induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopical study of 100 autopsy cases. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 75 185-198... 

Epidermal nerve fiber analysis by immunocytochemical techniques using the panaxonal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) allows the study of epidermal innervation by small fiber C and A5 nerve fibers (McCarthy et al. 1995 Holland et al. 1997). Studies of skin biopsies of HIV infected patients with DSP or ATN showed reduction in the number of epidermal fibers in distal areas of the lower extremities with an inverse correlation between neuropathic pain intensity and epidermal nerve fiber density (Polydefkis et al. 2002) (Fig. 4.3). There were also fewer epidermal fibers in HIV seropositive patients without clinical evidence of neuropathy, suggesting that HIV infection may be associated with the loss of cutaneous innervation even before the onset of sensory symptomatology (McCarthy et al. 1995). 

It is the a2A/D-adrenoceptor that predominates in the locus coeruleus and this subtype seems to be responsible for reducing neuronal excitability and transmitter release. Strangely, immunocytochemical studies suggest that most a2c-receptors are intracellular. The explanation for this finding and its functional implications are as yet unknown but it could reflect differences in intracellular trafficking of different receptor subtypes. 

O Heam, E. Battaglia, G. DeSouza, E.B. Kuhar, J. and Molliver, ME. Methylenedioxyamphetamme (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) cause selective ablation of serotonin axon terminals in forebrain Immunocytochemical evidence for neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 8(8) 2788-2803, 1988. 

Jacobs, B.L. Gannon, P.J. and Azmitia, E.C. Atlas of the serotonergic cell bodies in the cat brainstem An immunocytochemical analysis. Brain Res Bull 13 1-32, 1984. 

Molliver, D.C.. and Molliver, M.E. Selective neurotoxic effects of ( )fenfluramine upon 5-HT axons in rat brain Immunocytochemical evidence, Abstr Soc Neurosci 14 210, 1988. 

Rosier, O. Joh, T.H. and Beaudet, A. Ultrastmctural relationships between serotonin and dopamine neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus and medial zona incerta A combined radioautographic and immunocytochemical study. Neurosci Lett 48 279-285, 1984. 

Giannetti N., Pellier V., Oestreicher A.B. and Astic L. (1995). Immunocytochemical study of the differentiation process of the Septal Organ of Masera in developing rats. Dev Brain Res 84, 287-293. 

Quaglino E., Giustetto M., Panzanelli P., Cantino D., el al. (1999). Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the accessory olfactory bulb of the rat. J Comp Neurol 408, 61-72. 

Schwanzel-Fukuda M., Fadem B., Garcia M. and Pfaff D. (1988). Immunocytochemical localization of LHRH in the brain and Nervus terminalis of the adult and early neonatal Gray Short-Tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). J Comp Neurol 276, 44-60. 

Witkin J.W. (1987). Immunocytochemical demonstration of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone in optic nerve and nasal region of fetal rhesus macaque. Neurosci Lett 79, 73-77. 

Araki, T., Yamano, M., Murakami, T. el al. (1988). Localization of glycine receptors in the rat central nervous system an immunocytochemical analysis using monoclonal antibody. Neuroscience 25, 613-24. 

Takagi, H., Morishima, Y., Matsuyama, T. el al (1986). Histaminergic axons in the neostriatum and cerebral cortex of the rat a correlated light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study using histidine decarboxylase as a marker. Brain Res. 364, 114-23. 

Immunocytochemical evidence for the existence of GABAergic neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis. Possible existence of neurons containing serotonin and GABA Brain Res. 232, 375-89. 

Sari, Y., Miquel, M. C., Brisorgueil, M. J. et al. (1999). Cellular and subcehular localization of 5-hydroxytryptamineiB receptors in the rat central nervous system immunocytochemical, autoradiographic and lesion studies. Neuroscience 88, 899-915. 

Gerena, R. L et al (2000b). Immunocytochemical localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in the bull testis and epididymis and on ejaculated sperm. Biol. Reprod. 62, 547-56. 

Ouimet, C.C., Hemmings, H.C.J., Greengard, P. ARPP-21, a cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions. II. Immunocytochemical localization in rat brain. J. Neurosci. 9 865, 1989. 

Vos, J.G., Ruitenberg, E.J., Van Basten, N., Buys, J., Elgersma, A. and Kruizinga, W. (1983) The athymic nude rat. IV. Immunocytochemical study to detect T-cells, and immunological and histopathological reactions against Trichinella spiralis. Parasite Immunology 5, 195—215. 

Although immunocytochemical screening of neurochemical diversity provides only an indication that a neuropeptide may be present, antisera that interact specifically with known nematode neuropeptides are likely... 

Table 20.2. Immunocytochemical localization of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) in nematodes. ...

Brownlee, D.J.A., Fairweather, I. and Johnston, C.F. (1993a) Immunocytochemical demonstration of neuropeptides in the peripheral nervous system of the round-worm Ascaris suum (Nematoda, Ascaroidea). Parasitology Research 79, 302-308. 

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