Hypoderma bovis

Hypoderma bovis (cattle grubs), which enter the hide anti cause annual losses of about S330 million in ihe USA, and considerably more in other major cattle-producing countries, can be controlled in nonlactating cattle by insecticide applications in sprays, pour-ons and spot-ons. 

Myiasis is the invasion of tissues or open body cavities by fly, dipteran, larvae. Myiasis can be caused by fly larvae of many different species. Vaccine based control of myiasis is very appealing. Fly larvae can reside in direct contact with elements of the host immune system for months. Not unexpectedly, natural infections do not generally induce inflammatory responses 190) or host iimnunity to re-infestation 191). The most extensively studied causes of myiasis are the warble flies, Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum, and the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina 24). 

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