Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism

There are a number of abnormalities that can affect the male reproductive system before birth, in childhood, or in adulthood. For the purposes of this chapter, they have been divided into categories of (1) hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, (2) hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, (3) defects in androgen action (Box 53-1), (4) impotence, and (5) gynecomastia. The effects of these abnormalities on infertility are discussed later in this chapter. 

Androgen excess Polycystic ovarian syndrome Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism Menopause... 

GDP-mannose that is essential for glycoprotein synthesis. This defect is autosomal recessive and has been mapped to human chromosome 16pl3.3-pl3.12. All infants with CDGs have neurological abnormalities, failure to thrive, developmental delay, and dysmorphic features. Female patients with CDGs type 1 have hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and do not attain secondary sexual characteristics. 

Male hypogonadism is a condition caused by a decreased function of the testes that can lead to retardation of sexual development if manifested early in life. The disorder can be classified as hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic. 

Many of the endocrine disorders that result in male infertility have been discussed earher in this chapter in the section on male reproductive abnormalities. Testosterone is essential for normal sperm development. Therefore, any disorder that results in hypogonadism (and hence low testosterone concentrations) results in infertility. Among the causes are both hypogonadotropic and hypergonadotropic hypogo-... 

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