Hydrogen direct analysis

Another example of the use of deoxidation of oxygen-containing compounds for their structural analysis was given by Wi jnands et al.68, who investigated the structure of novolaks, prepared by polycondensation of formaldehyde with phenol, />-cresol and w-cresol. The novolaks were transformed into saturated hydrocarbon mixtures by direct hydrogenation. Ultimate analysis of the hydrocarbons confirmed the linear structure of the novolaks ... 

ShihabL Z. Direct analysis of hydrogen peroxide by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis, 27, 4215, 2006. 

Akashi, S., Naito, Y, Takio, K. (1999) Observation of hydrogen-deuterium exchange of ubiquitin by direct analysis of electrospray capillary-skimmer dissociation with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. A o/ Chem, 71 (21), 4974-4980. 

It is possible to evaluate U from direct analysis of the potential sweep curve/ Assuming reversibility of the hydrogen wave during the potential sweep, we may rewrite Eq. (5) as... 

A direct analysis of the low-frequency vibrations of the hydrogen bonds in synthetic polymers is rare. Up till now, a considerable amount of information on FIR spectra of liquids with H-bonds (carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, etc.) has been accumulated [14,141], which significantly facilitates the identification of absorption bands of H-bond vibration in the far infrared spectra. In low-molecular weight systems, e.g. alcohols and phenols, the H-bond stretching vibrations are manifested usually at 110-180 cm" while in carboxylic acids at 190-250 cm" the frequencies of deformation and torsional vibrations of H-bonds are 100-150cm" and 40-fi0 cm", respectively [142]. We present below some examples of FIR spectra of polymers with H-bonds. 

The detection of redox potential of a solution is important in environmental analysis to judge the redox state of the system so that one can predict the possible direction of oxidation-reduction reactions. Electron acceptors such as oxygen, nitrate and sulfate are consumed by the biological oxygen demand of organic carbon. Chemical reduction can occur indirectly by the chemical reduction of oxidized pollutants via formation of hydrogen. Direct chemical oxidation of organics are possible via Fe (O) oxidation/reduction reactions. ... 

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