Hydrogen chloride bond enthalpy

A/14 the enthalpy of reaction, which is in this case twice the enthalpy of formation of hydrogen chloride. Clearly A/14 is the difference between the total bond energies of the products and the total bond energies ol the reactants, lhat is... 

Butene reacts with hydrogen chloride in a hydrohalogenation reaction. Estimate the standard reaction enthalpy from bond enthalpies. 

When chlorine gas and hydrogen gas react to form hydrogen chloride, what will be the change of enthalpy of the reaction (Bond dissociation energies can be found in Appendix 4 at the back of the book.)... 

Figure 8.15 Using bond enthalpies to calculate AH, . Average bond enthalpies are used to estimate AH for the reaction of methane with chlorine to make methyl chloride and hydrogen chloride. 

Using data from Table 8.7 and Appendix 3, we can calculate the enthalpy of reaction, ATA, for the halogenation of methane. Energy is required to break CHj—H and Cl—Cl bonds [439 and 247 kj (105 and 59 kcal)/mol, respectively]. Energy is released in making the CHj—Cl and H—Cl bonds [-351 and -431 kJ (-84 and -103 kcal)/mol, respectively]. Based upon these enthalpies, we calculate that chlorination of methane to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride liberates 96 kJ (23 kcal)/mol. 

The strength of the chemical bond in a diatomic molecule can be expressed by the bond dissociation enthalpy, D. This is equal to the standard enthalpy change, A/f, for a reaction in which the bond is broken. For the dissociation of hydrogen chloride ... 

Energy is needed to break the ionic bonds in the solid salt and energy is liberated forming hydration complexes like VI. We also break some of the natural hydrogen bonds in the water. The overall change in enthalpy is termed the enthalpy of solution, A// olutioni. Typical values are —207 kJmol-1 for nitric acid 34 kJmol-1 for potassium nitrate and —65.5 kJmol-1 for silver chloride. 

The crystal structure of a-chloroacetic acid has revealed that it exists as a hydrogen-bonded tetramer, which allows for the presence of two non-equivalent chlorine atoms. The equilibrium constants and enthalpy changes for the 1 1 association reaction between chloride ion and a variety of proton donors HR have... 

---