Hydrogen, characteristic temperature water

Fig. 3 shows temperature dependences of conductivities in vacuum before and after heating the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane at the dose of 14 kGy to 393 K. The conductivities after heating decreased at higher temperature and reached to that for the unirradiated one at lower one. Particularly, it was found that the new protonic conduction process at lower temperature disappeared by heating. Moreover, it was confirmed that the conductivity increased again when was exposure to air at room temperature for 20 days. The conductivity depends on humidity in the enviroiunents and, namely, contents of water and hydrogen in the membrane. The modification for the absorption characteristic of water on the topmost surface greatly contributes to the new conduction mechanism at lower temperature. 

A higher level of attractive force is encountered if the two molecules happen to belong to a certain class that includes water as one of its members. The hydrogen bond that forms between the two molecules is responsible for many unusual characteristics of water, including its existence as a liquid at room temperature, and for the ability of ice to float on water, instead of sinking as would be expected of a solid... 

The complexing of hydrogen ion with water affects its activity however, other more subtle factors are also involved in the correlation of activity and concentration. These factors include temperature 7, the ionic strength w, the dielectric constant e, the ion charge Z, the size of the ion in angstrom (A) and the density of the solvent d. These are specific characteristics of the solution measured. 

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