Hydrogen bonding between amide groups

Witt, M. Kreft, D. Griitzmacher, H.-F. Effects of Internal Hydrogen Bonds Between Amide Groups Protonation of Ali-cyclic Diamides. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2003,9, 81-95. 

Pronounced self-assembly of 281 and 282 in nonpolar solvents (e.g., aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons) takes place as a result of hydrogen bonding between amide groups to result in the formation of gels above a critical gelation concentration. 

Figure 6. Structure of the PPTA fiber with hydrogen bonding between amide groups of neighboring PPTA chains.

A literature survey revealed that each class of nylon crystallizes to form sheets of polymer chains, with 100% hydrogen bonding between amide groups on adjacent chains in the sheets [10]. To achieve this complete bonding, different crystal habits must be taken by the different classes, as shown in Table V. Diagrams of the hydrogen-bonded sheets for representative members of each class are indicated by Figure 2. 

Figure 9.6 Two representations of the a-helix, showing hydrogen bonds between amide groups.

The order or sequence of individual amino acid residues along the peptide chain defines the covalent structure of the molecule. It is also called primary structure in order to make a clear distinction from the three dimensional geometry in peptides and proteins. The latter is generated by non-covalent forces such as hydrogen bonds between amide groups secondary structure) and combination of polar and non-polar interactions and of disulfide bridges which result in chain folding tertiary structure). 

Hydrogen bonding between amide groups plays a key role in the way proteins and peptides fold to achieve their overall shape (Chapter 24). 

Hydrogen bonding between amide groups of peptide chains. This interaction between chains (called a p sheet) is important to the structure of many proteins. 

The knotted structure was patent in the crystal structure (Figure 12), which showed a pattern of hydrogen bonds between amide groups. A similar pattern is also found in the structure of [2]catenanes and rotaxanes synthesized using the same basic template. ... 

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