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Hydrogen bond, independent proton

The entropy value of gaseous HCl is a sum of contributions from the various transitions summarized in Table 4. Independent calculations based on the spectroscopic data of H Cl and H Cl separately, show the entropy of HCl at 298 K to be 186.686 and 187.372 J/(mol K) (44.619 and 44.783 cal/(mol K), respectively. The low temperature (rhombic) phase is ferroelectric (6). SoHd hydrogen chloride consists of hydrogen-bonded molecular crystals consisting of zigzag chains having an angle of 93.5° (6). Proton nmr studies at low temperatures have also shown the existence of a dimer (HC1)2 (7). [Pg.439]

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Bonded protons

Hydrogen bond, independent proton model

Hydrogen protons

Hydrogen-bonded protons

Hydrogenation protonation

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