Hydro fullerenes

L.I. Tkachenko, A.S. Lobach, and V.V. Strelets, Redox- stimulated transfer of hydrogen from hydro fullerene C60H36 to fullerene C60 (in Russian), Izv. RAN. Ser. khim. 6, 1136— 1139(1988). 

CH2CH=CHC6H2(3,5-di-/-butyl-4-OSiMe3)-2-hydro-fullerene derivative [122] has very similar negative reduction potential shifts, indicating the small difference on the inductive effect of additional groups farther away. 

Applying the Zn/Cu reduction to C q the reduction proceeds to a greater extent than the reaction with Cjq did [5, 7, 21, 25, 26]. Some distinct isomers of C qH with n = 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 can be isolated. C7QHJ2 is formed, but only in small amounts and was not yet separated. HPLC, H, C and He NMR spectroscopy together with calculations helped to resolve the structure of the obtained hydro-[70]fullerenes. The reduction proceeds in different possible pathways [21]. One of these reduction manifolds leads - besides some minor isomers - to the two major isomers of C qH with n = 2 (9) and n = 4 (10-12), where the hydrogens are - as expected - located at the poles of C q (Table 5.1). The other manifold leads to the adduct C7oHg (13) with a completely different addition pattern, where the hydrogens... 

Soots containing abundant fullerenes can be made by striking an electric arc between two graphite electrodes or by controlled combustion of hydro-... 

Direct, nonsurfactant-mediated immobilization of metallothionein proteins [207-209] and streptavidin [210] at MWCNTs has also been carried out, the hydro-phobic regions of the proteins probably being responsible for the adsorption. Specific affinity binding of proteins to unmodified SWCNT sidewalls was demonstrated by the adsorption of monoclonal antibodies, IgG, specific for C60 fuller-enes, in aqueous solution. The affinity binding originated from the structural similarity of the tube sidewall graphite network and the C(M fullerene [221]. It was shown that the specific binding site of the IgG antibody is a domain of hydrophobic amino acids. 

FinaUy, certain long-chain molecules are able to bind fuUerenes by micelle formation and to finely disperse them in a medium. The examples reported for this kind of interaction mostly use surfactants like Triton X-100 or lecithin. The hydro-phobic fullerene is incorporated into the miceUe, partly in its center, but partly also in its periphery. Among other effects, this interaction leads to the solubility of such adducts in water. The embedding in long-chain, amphiphilic molecular units is also used to prepare artificial membranes holding fuUerenes. 

The reactivity of Qo comparable to that of electron deficient conjugated olefins is nicely reflected by reactions with transition metal complexes. A variety of single crystal structures and spectroscopic studies show that the complexation of transition metals to the fullerene core proceeds in a dihapto manner or as hydrometalation reactions rather than in rf- or ] -binding mode. This was elegantly demonstrated by the reaction of Cgg with ruthenium complexes (Scheme 8) [144]. A variety of iridium complexes ( ] -Cgo)Ir(CO)Cl(PR R R )2 were synthesized by allowing Cgg to react with different Vaska-type complexes Ir(CO)Cl(PR R R )2 [145]. ] -Complex formation was also observed upon reaction of Cgo with other Ir [146] as well as Rh [147] complexes. Hydro-metallation was obtained with Cp2Zr(H)Cl [140]. 

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