Geometry and Hybridization

Figure 2. Rearrangement in molecular orbital hybridization and geometry of the carbon atom undergoing a first-order nucleophilic substitution (or Sn1) reaction.

Consider H2C=C=CH2. What is the hybridization and geometry at each C Indicate the bond types for each of the carbon—carbon bonds. Draw the molecule, showing the overall geometry and the p orbitals that overlap to form the pi bonds. (The molecule is not planar.) Is it conjugated ... 

Q Predict the hybridization and geometry of organic e Predict general trends in physical properties such as... 

Rule 2 Use the hybridization and geometry that give the widest possible separation of the calculated number of bonds and lone pairs. 

To predict the hybridization and geometry of an atom in a resonance hybrid, consider the resonance form with the most pi bonds to that atom. 

Predict the hybridization and geometry of the atoms in a molecule, and draw a three-dimensional representation of the molecule. 

Determine the hybridization and geometry around every atom. 

Predict the hybridization and geometry around each indicated atom. Label five polar bonds using the symbols 8 and 6". 

Example 1.6. The hybridization and geometry of the carbon and ojygen atoms in 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one. 

PROBLEM 1.2 Discuss the hybridization and geometry for each of the atoms in the following molecules or intermediates. 

Analyze For part (a), we need to recall what we have learned about p, sp, and sp hybridization and geometry. > (Section 9.5) For part (b), we need to write a balanced equation. For part (c), we need to use the ideal-gas equation. (Section 10.4) For part (d), we need to recall the definitions of endothermic and exothermic and how bond enthalpies can be used to predict overall reaction enthalpies. (Section 8.8)... 

To predict the hybridization and geometry of an atom in a resonance hybrid, consider the resonance form with the most pi bonds to that atom. An atom involved in resonance generally will not be sp hybridized because it needs at least one unhybridized p orbital for pi-bonding overlap. 

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