Hudson Bay

Lockhart WL, Wilkinson P, BiUeck BN, Hunt RV, Wagemann R, Brunskill GJ. 1995. Current and historical inputs of mercury to high-latitude lakes in Canada and to Hudson Bay. Water, Air Soil Pollut 80(1 ) 603-610. 

DesGranges J-L, Rodrigue J, Tardif B, Laperle M. 1998. Mercury accumulation and biomagnification in ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in the James Bay and Hudson Bay regions of Quebec. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 35 330-341. 

Harp, Elmer, Jr., A late Dorset amulet from southeastern Hudson Bay, Folk, 16-17, 33-44 (1974/75). 

Fraser, C., Hill, P.R., Allard, M. 2005. Morphology and facies architecture of a falling sea level strandplain, Umiujaq, Hudson Bay, Canada. Sedimentology, 52, 141-160. 

From 1973 until 2002, Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd. and later Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting, extracted copper and zinc ore from volcaniclastic and siliciclastic sequences of the Rusty Lake Greenstone Belt at the Ruttan Mine near Leaf Rapids, Manitoba, Canada. 

Muir, D. C. G., Segstro, M. D., Hobson, K. A., Ford, C. A., Stewart, R. E. A., Olpinski, S. (1995). Can seal eating explain elevated levels of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in walrus blubber from Eastern Hudson Bay (Canada) Environ. Pollut., 90, 335-348... 

Fortunately the Hudson Bay lowland-derived varved clay is alkaline and Ca-rich and provided an ideal substrate in which... 

Medicine River oil produced by Hudson Bay Oil and Gas Co. from the Glauconite zone, location 2-17-39-4W5M, depth 7326 ft (2233 m). 

TCDD and OCDD in seals and bears were found in the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and the lowest concentrations were found in the Hudson Bay area. The reason for higher concentrations of... 

Moore, E., 1918, Iron-formation on Belcher Islands, Hudson Bay, J. Geol., 24(6) 412-438. 

Fig. 3. Chlorinated n-alkane formula group profiles for beluga whales (Delphinapterus leu-cas) from Cumberland Sound, western Hudson Bay, the southeastern Beaufort Sea, and the St. Lawrence river estuary are compared with a commercial short chain chlorinated paraffin with 60% chlorine (PCA-60). The arctic beluga show higher proportions of the lower chlorinated congeners (C15-C17) compared with the commercial product and the St Lawrence River animals. Results from Tomy et al. [78]...

Fig. 4. GC-ECNI high resolution mass spectrometry selected ion chromatograms of the C10H15C17 formula group, based on the [M-Cl] ion, for beluga blubber samples from Cumberland Sound and Hudson Bay are compared with an extract of an air sample from Alert (NWT) at the northern tip of Ellesmere Island and in the PCA-60 standard. The air sample shows a strong resemblance to the commercial product while the profile in beluga suggests considerable biotransformation. Results from Tomy et al. [78]...

During the airborne experiment TOPSE in the Canadian Arctic, very widespread regions with low ozone were found as far south as the Hudson Bay, corresponding to the large areas with elevated BrO that have been found with the GOME satellite (see below). Ozone depletion events with more than 2 km vertical extension were encountered (Ridley et al., 2003). 

Note that these reactions are promoted by acidity (see also Langendorfer et al., 1999). However, as we already mentioned earlier, a newer study found that uptake of HOBr on frozen seal salt leads to the release of dihalogens without the need for acidification (Adams et al., 2002). If this process is significant on a larger scale, it would imply that ODEs can occur in pristine environments like the Hudson Bay area without enough gas phase acids to acidify the aerosol particles. 

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