Homogeneous cross-coupling

Fortman GC, Nolan SP. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and palladium in homogeneous cross-coupling catalysis a perfect union. Chem Soc Rev. 2011 10 5151-5169. 

Soluble polymers have also been used as support. These exploit the combined advantage of homogeneous with those of soHd-phase chemistry [36]. PEG linked 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxyUc acid was cross-coupled with several arylboronic acids under microwave irradiation (constant power of 75 W) using water as the solvent (Scheme 17). Interestingly, microwave irradiation gave less ester cleavage than classical heating (70 °C). The polymeric support remained stable under both conditions. 

Tamao K, Miyaura N (2002) Introduction to Cross-Coupling Reactions. 219 1-9 Tanaka M (2003) Homogeneous Catalysis for H-P Bond Addition Reactions. 232 25-54 Tanner PA (2004) Spectra, Energy Levels and Energy Transfer in High Symmetry Lanthanide Compounds. 241 167-278 ten Cate MGJ, see Crego-Calama M (2005) 249 in press ten Holte P,see Zwanenburg B (2001) 216 93-124 Thiem J,see Werschkun B (2001) 215 293-325... 

Rehahn et al. [35] recently presented the synthesis of constitutionally homogeneous oligophenylenes, 22a/b, with 2,5-alkyl substituents located on the central aromatic ring, generated via the cross-coupling reaction of Suzuki. They are exclusively linked in the para-positions and composed of 3 -15 benzene rings. 

Catalyst Discovery The First Homogeneous Catalysts Derived from Combinatorial Technologies for a Variety of Cross-Coupling... 

Stevens, P.D., Li, G.F., Fan, J.D., Yen, M. and Gao, Y. (2005) Recycling of homogeneous Pd catalysts using superparamagnetic nanoparticles as novel soluble supports for Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. Chemical Communications (35), 4435-4437. 

Further improvements to the cross-coupling process are observed by employing 1-propanol as solvent. The water miscibility of 1-propanol allows reaction mixtures to remain homogeneous in the presence of aqueous base. The 1-propanol/water ratio... 

Despite its apparent noble character, gold catalysts have been recently found to be active in many homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes such as oxidation reactions, nucleophilic additions, cross-coupling reactions, and alkene and imine hydrogenations (69—71). Corma and co-workers showed that Au... 

Burello, E., Farrusseng, D. and Rothenberg, G. (2004) Combinatorial explosion in homogeneous catalysis screening 60 000 cross-coupling reactions. Adv. Synth. Catal., 346, 1844. 

Keywords Homogeneous catalysis Cross-coupling Microwave Heck Sonogashira Buchwald-Hartwig... 

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