Homobifunctional reagents imidoesters

Bz s-imidoesters like DMS may be used to couple proteins to PE-containing liposomes by crosslinking with the amines on both molecules (Figure 22.24). However, single-step crosslinking procedures using homobifunctional reagents are particularly subject to uncontrollable polymerization of protein in solution. Polymerization is possible because the procedure is done with the liposomes, protein, and crosslinker all in solution at the same time. 

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