Homo-staged reaction mechanism

The disadvantages of this model are evident—it cannot account for the impact of the intervalent reactions kinetics to the total electrochemical process. That this impact is significant and cannot be ignored was substantiated earlier in the works of Kozin and co-authors summarized in their book [35]. In order to allow for the contribution of the intermediates, the so-called hetero-staged reaction mechanism was proposed, in contrast to Vetter s mechanism defined there as the homo-staged one [34]. 

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