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Hofmann-Klemen effect

Group 1 (Li" ) Monovalent and small cation (cation radius <1 A). Li -PTSM has a distinct pillared structure and is very active for cracking. The same mechanism as the Hofmann-Klemen effect in Li -montmorillonite seems to be at work in this system. [Pg.286]

Since all conditions for the Hofmann-Klemen effect are fulfilled, the liberated protons will migrate into the empty octahedral positions of dioctahedral clays. Some problems are encountered for this type of clays, since a large part of the CEC is now lost. When the trioctahedral hectorite and laponite serve as host for pillaring, the problem of proton migration can be avoided. The protons remain present in the interlayer region of the PILCs and are still available for further ion exchange. [Pg.281]

See other pages where Hofmann-Klemen effect is mentioned: [Pg.256]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.106]    [Pg.256]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.106]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.285 , Pg.286 , Pg.292 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.285 , Pg.286 , Pg.292 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.281 ]



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