History of Impedance Spectroscopy

By his application of Laplace transforms to the transient response of electrical circuits, Oliver Heaviside created the foimdation for impedance spectroscopy. Heaviside coined the words inductance, capacitance, and impedance and introduced these concepts to the treatment of electrical circuits. His papers on the subject, published in The Electrician beginning in 1872, were compiled by Heaviside in book form in 1894.6/7 pj-om the perspective of the application to physical systems, however, the history of impedance spectroscopy begins in 1894 with the work of Nemst. ... 

The power of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is well acknowledged and widely used in various systems [130, 131]. The history of impedance of porous, distributed electrodes in liquid electrolytes goes back to the early 1960s (see Refs. 132, 133), and some later works [134, 135]. In the context of accumulators, interpretation of electrode impedance was already long ago considered as a promising way to acquire information on the current state of the electrodes [136]. The same refers to the study of corrosion [137, 138]. Nowadays,... 

D. D. Macdonald, "Reflections on the History of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy," Electrochimica Acta, 51 (2006) 1376-1388. 

D.D. Macdonald, Reflections on the history of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Paper presented at 6th international symposium on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Cocoa Beach, Florida, 17-21 May 2004... 

A key element in management of hthium batteries is the accurate and reliable determination of battery state-of-charge (SOC), whether or not the "history" of the battery is known from date of manufacture. Rehable SOC measurements are critical for many devices. Well-known interrogation techniques used to measure battery SOC include coulomb counting [11], voltage recovery [12], and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [13]. Often, these approaches yield data that is highly nonlinear, complex, or intractable, especially for rechargeable battery systems. 

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