History of Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity

We may imagine that the first sensory experience with electricity was electrostatic discharges by rubbing. Magnetic stones have also been known very early, and the Arabs are believed to have used such a stone floating as a compass around 700. 

The French abbot Jean-Antoine Nollet was interested in bioelectric phenomena and made use of electrostatic machines and Leyden jars for electrotherapy. His book Lettre sur Velectricite was published in Paris in 1753, and in it he referred to Franklins s work. It is said that under the French king Louis XV (reigned 1715—1774), the whole court se fait 

It was Alessandro Volta (1745—1825), professor in physics at Como (later in Pavia and then Padua), who found the correct explanation of Galvani s second experiment  

Galvani actually experimented with DC created by different metals in contact with the same electroljrte the animal s own body fluids. He used the frog muscle both as a part of a battery and as the first ammeter The concept of animal electricity was 

Parallel with the discovery of new sources of electricity, the detection of small bioelectric currents became possible. Soon after 0rsted s discovery in 1820, the first galvanometers appeared. The problem was twofold to increase sensitivity and to make the new sources follow the rapid changes of muscle and nerve currents. 

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