High-intensity filaments

The high intensity within the filaments (4 to 6 x 1013 W/cm2) [43] generates an efficient self-phase modulation (Fig. 14.4), resulting in the emission of... 

Quartz-iodine lamp A tungsten filament high-intensity incandescent lamp which contains iodine in a quartz envelope. Used primarily as a source of visible light. 

More recently, heating by photo-radiation with high intensity photons from quartz iodine or tungsten filament lamps has become popular. One advantage of photoradiation is that often only the substrate is heated significantly. 

Field desorption (FD) is perhaps the simplest technique, the sample is coated as a thin film onto a special filament placed within a very high intensity electric field. Ions created by field-induced removal of an electron from the molecule are extracted into the mass spectrometer. Field ionization (FI) is the equivalent process whereby gas-phase molecules are ionized by a high electric potential. These techniques are sometimes applied to relatively large, polymeric molecules but are not commonplace. 

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