Heterogeneous polymerization reverse ATRP

Simultaneous normal and reverse initiation (SR NI) ATRP (Fig. 1.17c) was developed to allow the precursors of highly active catalytic complexes to be added to the reaction in the higher oxidation state and at lower concentration. SR NI ATRP comprises a dual initiation system i.e. standard free radical initiators and initiators comprising a transferable atom or group in conjunction with the stable precursor of an active catalyst complex. This initiation system can be used to prepare any type of polymer that can be obtained by normal ATRP, and can be conducted in bulk, solution, emulsion, miniemulsion, and by heterogeneous polymerization. 

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