Heteroatoms alkylation

Vijayaraj. M. Heteroatom alkylation of aromatic compounds over metal oxides, Ph. D Thesis, University of Pune, 2006. 

Heteroatom cuprates and a-Heteroatom alkyl cuprates in Organic Synthesis... 

With anionic allylic sources, highly polar aprotic solvents increase the amount of lone pair alkylation because poor solvent stabilization of the anion leaves the heteroatom end less hindered by solvent. Conversely, groups bound to the heteroatom increase the steric hindrance about it, and therefore decrease the tendency toward heteroatom alkylation. For example, enamines (R2N-C=C) tend to alkylate on carbon rather than nitrogen (as shown in Section 8.4.5). 

The high reactivity of N-acyliminium ions dictates that their preparation has to be in situ, by the action of an acid catalyst on suitable N-(a-heteroatom-alkyl)amide or carbamate precursors (Scheme 105). 

In organic chemistry C-C bond formations are among the most essential reactions. In C-chemistry, the common method for introduction of the label has been heteroatom alkylations. However, C-C bond formations are important complements for compounds lacking a heteroatom-bound alkyl group, or when other labeling positions are needed due to the metabolic fate of the tracer. In tracer synthesis, the following C-C bond forming reactions have been applied. 

Heteroatom Alkylation. Previous work (referred to in last year s Report) on the steric effect of benzo-fusion on the rates of quaternization of pyridine and thiazole... 

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