Hemoglobinemia hemoglobinuria

Plasma Haptoglobin in Relation to Hemoglobinemia, Hemoglobinuria and Erythrocyte Turnover... 

When the signs and symptoms of a hemolytic transfusion reaction occur more than 24 hours after transfusion, the reaction is classified as a delayed reaction (60-62). It is estimated that up to 0.025% of recipients may well be at risk of delayed transfusion reactions (1) however, in one study only 1 in 10 668 transfused units cause delayed hemolysis. The severity of this type of reaction varies widely. Many of these reactions are so mild that they remain unnoticed only a few are severe or fatal. Almost all patients with this type of complication have a history of previous transfusion and/or pregnancy, which has made sensitization possible. The symptoms comprise fever, chills, anemia, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, and reticulocytosis. Renal insufficiency can occur and the direct antiglobulin test is positive. 

Gaines AR. Acute onset hemoglobinemia and/or hemoglobinuria and sequelae following Rh(o)(D) immune globuhn intravenous administration in immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients. Blood 2000 95(8) 2523-9. 

Gaines AR. Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with acute hemoglobinemia or hemoglobinuria following Rh(0) (D) immune globulin intravenous administration for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2005 106(5) 1532-7. 

Quinine has been reported to cause a hypersensitivity reaction known as black water fever, which consists of hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and hemoglobinemia and can advance to renal failure. The syndrome is more commonly reported in patients with G6PD deficiency, pregnant women, and those with... 

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