Helmholtz, H. von

Helmholtz, H. v. (1847). The Conseivation of Force A Physical Memoir. In Selected Writings ot Hermann von Helmholtz (1971), ed. R. Kahl, pp. 3-55. Middletown, CT Wesleyan University Press. 

There is a very important equation relating to the electromotive forces of reversible cells which was deduced independently by J. Willard Gibbs (1875) and H. von Helmholtz (1882), and is usually called the Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation. 

The idea that microbes could migrate across the universe was supported by scientists with a worldwide reputation, such as H. von Helmholtz, W. Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) and Svante Arrhenius. This hypothesis was still accepted by Arrhenius in the year 1927, when he reported in the Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie on his assumption that thermophilic bacteria could be transported within a few days from Venus (with a calculated surface temperature of 320 K) to the Earth by the radiation pressure of the sun (Arrhenius, 1927). The panspermia hypothesis, which seemed to have disappeared in the intervening decades, was reintroduced in the ideas of Francis Crick (Crick and Orgel, 1973). It still exists in a modified form (see Sect. 11.1.2.4). 

Von Helmholtz H, Monatsber kbnigl Preuss Akad. Wiss., (1873) 501. 

H. VON Helmholtz, Zur Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgdnge, Siteunga-berichte der Berliner Akademie, p. 2, 1882. 

H. von Helmholtz Epistemological Writings. The Paul Hertz / Moritz Schlick Centenary Edition of 1921. Translated from German by M.F. Lowe. Edited with an Introduction and Bibliography by R.S. Cohen and Y. Elkana. [Synthese Library 79] 1977... 

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