Heliocentric universe

What would Galileo have thought of Castor What would the older Christian Church have made of such an odd coupling given their simplistic heliocentric (Sun-centered) Universe ... 

A.3.1 The pre-Copernican models firmly placed human existence at the center of the universe and hence had a highly coupled relationship between humans and the behavior of the universe. The heliocentric model shifts the observer-observed coupling to a weaker relationship. 

One classic example of a scientific paradigm shift is the transition from a geocentric (Earth-centered) to heliocentric (Sun-centered) model of the universe. Invention and development of the telescope allowed for greater observation of the planets and the Sun. The theory that the Sun is the center of the universe around which the planets, including the Earth, rotate gained acceptance largely because of the advances in observational technology. 

Geocentric model based on religious beliefs, but explains observed phenomena. Careful observations (Brahe, 9 planets eventually Kepler) point to discovered. Discovery of Heliocentric Model first Neptune confirms Newton s suggested by Copernicus. theory of universal Telescope confirms model. gravitation. Anomaly in orbit of Mercury resists solution with Newton s laws. Precession of Mercury s orbit is solved by Einstein s Theory of General Relativity. Theory and observations agree. Pluto is demoted to non-planet status (4). 

Van Brummelen, Glen. The Mathematics of Heaven and Earth The Early History of Trigonometry. Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press, 2009. Presents a comprehensive review of the history of trigonometry, from its early days as a tool for astronomers through the heliocentric theory of Copernicus in the sixteenth century. 

Copernican (heliocentric) tmiverse Gopernicus pubhshes De revolutionibus On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres), in which he refutes geocentric Ptolemaic cosmology and proposes that the Sun, not Earth, lies at the center of the then-known universe (the solar system). 

Gave credence to Copernicus s claims that the Sun was the center of the universe (heliocentrism), and not the Earth. 

Malhotra, R. Williams, J. G. (1997). Pluto s heliocentric orbit In Pluto and Charon, 127-159, ed. S. A. Stem D. J. Tholen. Tucson University of Arizona Press. 

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